: In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport Disucuss both these views and give your own opinion.

In the developing and developed nations around the World, one of the key concerns faced by the general public is transportation. While some believe that large funds should be utilised for laying new lines for intercity high speed trains, others opine that prevailing facilities should be improved. I strongly believe that countries should invest in introducing fresh rail routes for swift transit, connecting major cities.
This
essay will discuss both the investment options and support my opinion with relevant evidences.
Firstly
, the major problem faced by city residents these days, is overcrowding.
This
has led to a wide range of other issues
such
as expensive rentals, noise pollution, non-availability of drinking water, air pollution, etc.
For example
, in 2018, several IT companies in Chennai had to shut down because of non-supply of water to the office premises.
Therefore
, while envisioning the future of a country, leaders must take into account, reducing the population in cities, by developing suburban areas and towns. If an individual can stay in a suburban area, located 300 kilometres away from his office in a city, yet reach the office on time daily using high-speed trains,
then
we have a solution on hand to the serious threat posed by a growing population.
Secondly
, improving the existing public transport within the cities can only act as a temporary relief, because most of the people in the cities prefer their own mode of transportation, like bikes, scooters and cars. Adding more buses on road may reduce the volume of private vehicle traffic, by hardly 20% and
this
does not account for the increased traffic from extra buses on the road. The existing railway lines, in almost all the cities, are already operating at their full capacity,
hence
,
further
investments in
this
space are futile. Pooling of vehicles has the potential to reduce the traffic to a large extent;
however
, Government funds do not play a role in
this
area.
For instance
, Uber, Ola, Rapido, etc., are all apps that operate primarily on pooling of private vehicles and there is no Government involvement. In a nutshell, development of fresh train routes can help in solving multiple problems associated with overcrowded cities and provide a permanent solution.
Therefore
, funds should be utilised for the development of new intercity railway lines, for long term development. It is recommended that national leaders take into account the demography, geography, social structure, etc., city-wise in order to understand the nature of the issue at each place and arrive at a decision on financing.
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Include an introduction and conclusion

A conclusion is essential for IELTS writing task 2. It is more important than most people realise. You will be penalised for missing a conclusion in your IELTS essay.

The easiest paragraph to write in an essay is the conclusion paragraph. This is because the paragraph mostly contains information that has already been presented in the essay – it is just the repetition of some information written in the introduction paragraph and supporting paragraphs.

The conclusion paragraph only has 3 sentences:

  • Summary
  • Restatement of thesis
  • Prediction or recommendation

Example:

To summarize, a robotic teacher does not have the necessary disciple to properly give instructions to students and actually works to retard the ability of a student to comprehend new lessons. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of running a classroom completely by a machine cannot be supported. After thorough analysis on this subject, it is predicted that the adverse effects of the debate over technology-driven teaching will always be greater than the positive effects, and because of this, classroom teachers will never be substituted for technology.

Start your conclusion with a linking phrase. Here are some examples:

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To summarize
  • Finally
  • In a nutshell
  • In general

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